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Fiscal Space

Fiscal authorities around the world must prepare for more frequent and severe climate-related shocks, as well as for large financing needs. Reform topics in this theme are intended make sovereign balance sheets more resilient and robust to achieve climate goals.

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Related Resources

Publications and educational material to deepen understanding of Fiscal Space and related topics.

Debt for climate swaps: exploring avenues and opportunities

Debt-for-Climate Swaps

A working paper exploring several case studies that illustrate different approaches that VCEFs like GCF can take around debt for climate swaps.

Restructuring Sovereign Domestic Debt and the International Financial Architecture

Climate-Resilient Debt Clauses, and Pre-Emptive Reprofiling

Center for Disaster Protection: Innovations in Sovereign Debt: Taking Debt Pause Clauses to Scale

Climate-Resilient Debt Clauses, and Pre-Emptive Reprofiling

World Bank Group CRDC Product Note

Climate-Resilient Debt Clauses, and Pre-Emptive Reprofiling

Introducing a mechanism to defer the payment of principal, interest, and other loan charges to the IBRD Flexible Loan and IDA credits in case of certain natural disasters.

Fiscal Space | Climate Finance Reform Compass